The presentation describes two different views, often inconsistent with each other, of Freudian theory on fundamental aspects of the workings of the mind, including the nature and function of consciousness, of unconscious mental states, the relation between the two, and how the id-ego model is best understood. Dr. Eagle discusses the implications of these two different views for one’s conception of psychopathology and approach to treatment. He also discusses post-Freudian developments in light of the two different perspectives on Freudian theory.